Monetisasi Data, Sentralisasi QRIS, dan Tantangan Integrasi Nilai Syariah dalam Sistem Pembayaran Digital Indonesia
(Data Monetization, QRIS Centralization, and the Challenge of Sharia Value Integration in Indonesia's Digital Payment System)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30762/al-muhasib.v5i1.2388Keywords:
QRIS, monetisasi data, siyasah maliyah, keadilan akses, digital rupiah, data monetization, Sharia Value IntegrationAbstract
Abstract: This study addresses key issues regarding data monetization, system centralization, and digital payment platform designs that may conflict with maqashid sharia principles such as justice ('adl), public benefit (maslahah), and protection from systemic harm (dlarar). The digital payment transformation in Indonesia through QRIS and digital rupiah has highlighted the dominance of the state and corporations in financial transaction infrastructures. This centralization raises ethical concerns that need to be examined within the framework of digital political economy and Sharia ethics. Using a qualitative approach, we critically analyze national policies, regulatory documents (e.g., PADG and BSPI 2025), and contemporary fiqh literature. The findings reveal that Indonesia's digital payment system lacks substantive integration with Sharia ethics, posing risks in access to justice, data ownership (milkiyah al-ma'lumat), and infrastructure monopoly. We recommend a "limited decentralization governance" model and new fatwas from DSN-MUI to align digital transactions with Islamic principles. This study underscores the urgency of reconstructing digital muamalah in the era of data-driven platform economies.
Abstrak: Studi ini membahas isu-isu utama terkait monetisasi data, sentralisasi sistem, dan desain platform pembayaran digital yang mungkin bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip maqashid syariah seperti keadilan ('adl), kemaslahatan publik (maslahah), dan perlindungan dari bahaya sistemik (dlarar). Transformasi pembayaran digital di Indonesia melalui QRIS dan rupiah digital telah menyoroti dominasi negara dan korporasi dalam infrastruktur transaksi keuangan. Sentralisasi ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran etis yang perlu ditelaah dalam kerangka ekonomi politik digital dan etika Syariah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, kami menganalisis secara kritis kebijakan nasional, dokumen peraturan (misalnya, PADG dan BSPI 2025), dan literatur fikih kontemporer. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembayaran digital Indonesia tidak memiliki integrasi substantif dengan etika Syariah, sehingga menimbulkan risiko dalam hal akses terhadap keadilan, kepemilikan data (milkiyah al-ma'lumat), dan monopoli infrastruktur. Kami merekomendasikan model “tata kelola desentralisasi terbatas” dan fatwa baru dari DSN-MUI untuk menyelaraskan transaksi digital dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Studi ini menggarisbawahi urgensi rekonstruksi muamalah digital di era manifesto ekonomi berbasis data.
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